Eur J Musculoskel Dis 2022 Sept-Dec;11(3):97-101
REVIEW
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME AND COVID-19: A MINIREVIEW
S. Messina*, D. De Falco and M. De Benedittis
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine- Section of Dentistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
*Correspondence to:
Sabrina Messina, DDS
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine- Section of Dentistry,
University of Bari “Aldo Moro”,
Bari, Italy
e-mail: messinasabrina96@gmail.com
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Received: 28 September, 2022 Copyright: |
ISSN: 2038-4106 This publication and/or article is for individual use only and may not be further reproduced without written permission from the copyright holder. Unauthorized reproduction may result in financial and other penalties. Disclosure: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. |
ABSTRACT
Dermatological findings due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in the last two years. This review aims to analyse the oral manifestations of Erythema multiforme (EM) in patients with COVID-19. On the 28th of June 2022, the search was performed in PubMed by including all English studies that reported oral injuries associated with EM and COVID-19. The search yielded 117, but only 12 studies were eligible. The main sites affected by EM are the tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, and lips. In most cases, oral and cutaneous lesions of EM appear at the same time. Autoreactive T-cells and massive production of cytokines are pathogenetic stages shared by either EM or COVID-19. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible correlation between the onset of oral lesions linked to EM and COVID-19 due to the expression of the ACE2 receptor on keratinocytes.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19, erythema, cytokine, interleukin, angiotensin
