Eur J Musculoskel Dis 2023 Jan-Apr;12(1):27-31
REVIEW
EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLE IMPAIRMENT IN BASEDOW’S DISEASE: A BRIEF REVIEW ON MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
V. Candotto1 and P. Carls2
1Lecturer, Dental School, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania;
2Consultant Oral-Maxillofacial Surgeon, 69 Banbury Road, Oxford, UK
Correspondence to:
Valentina Candotto, MD
Lecturer, Dental School,
Albanian University, Tirana, Albania
e-mail: candottovalentina@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The thyroid gland is the main target of Basedow’s disease or Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune condition. It is the most typical cause of hyperthyroidism and affects people of all ages, notably fertile women. A brief review has been conducted to consider the impairment of eye muscles in Basedow’s disease. A search operation was performed using PubMed, Science Direct and Research Gate databases. Some relevant articles were also collected from Google Scholars as well. Although thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, the exact cause of the condition is unknown. GD links genetic variables with immune system dysregulation and the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The pathophysiology of the disease involves autoimmune responses to suspected thyroid and orbital antigens. As a result, extraocular muscles, orbital connective tissues, and fat tissues have larger volumes.
KEYWORDS: Basedow’s disease, eye muscle, hyperthyroidism, exophthalmos, immune system dysregulation